oxide thermoelectric materials from basic principles to applications pdf hzxx

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==> oxide thermoelectric materials from basic principles to applications pdf <==

Oxide thermoelectric materials are compounds that can convert temperature differences into electrical voltage, leveraging the thermoelectric effect. These materials are typically composed of metal oxides, which exhibit favorable electrical conductivity, low thermal conductivity, and high thermoelectric performance. From basic principles, the efficiency of thermoelectric materials is quantified by the dimensionless figure of merit (ZT), which combines electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity. Metal oxides, such as zinc oxide (ZnO), bismuth oxide (Bi2O3), and manganese oxide (MnO2), have gained attention due to their abundance, non-toxicity, and thermal stability. The development of oxide thermoelectric materials involves both theoretical and experimental approaches, focusing on optimizing their microstructures and electronic properties. Applications of these materials span various fields, including waste heat recovery in industrial processes, power generation in automotive systems, and temperature management in electronic devices. Their ability to operate in harsh environments makes them suitable for aerospace and automotive applications as well. The ongoing research aims to enhance their performance through doping, nanostructuring, and composite formation, ultimately leading to more efficient thermoelectric devices that can contribute to sustainable energy solutions.