from moral theology to moral philosophy cicero and visions of humanity from locke to hume pdf ltou

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==> from moral theology to moral philosophy cicero and visions of humanity from locke to hume pdf <==

"From Moral Theology to Moral Philosophy: Cicero and Visions of Humanity from Locke to Hume" explores the evolution of moral thought from ancient to modern times, focusing on the transition from religious-based moral theology to secular moral philosophy. Cicero's contributions laid the groundwork for later philosophical inquiries, emphasizing natural law and virtue ethics, which influenced thinkers like John Locke and David Hume. Locke's theories on individual rights and the social contract introduced the idea of moral agency rooted in reason and self-interest, moving away from divine command. In contrast, Hume's empirical approach challenged the rationalist tradition by arguing that moral judgments are grounded in human emotions and social experiences rather than in abstract principles. This shift highlights a growing recognition of human subjectivity and the complexities of moral reasoning, marking a significant development in Western thought. Ultimately, the examination of these philosophers reveals how conceptions of humanity and ethics have evolved, emphasizing the interplay between reason, emotion, and societal context in understanding moral behavior. This historical trajectory not only reflects the changing landscape of philosophical inquiry but also invites contemporary discussions on the relevance of these ideas in today's ethical debates, encouraging a deeper reflection on the foundations of morality in a diverse and interconnected world.