congenital heart disease in pediatric and adult patients pdf abvg

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==> congenital heart disease in pediatric and adult patients pdf <==

Congenital heart disease (CHD) refers to a range of structural heart defects present at birth, affecting the heart's chambers, valves, and blood vessels. In pediatric patients, these abnormalities can lead to symptoms such as difficulty breathing, cyanosis, and poor weight gain, often necessitating surgical intervention or medical management early in life. As children with CHD grow, they may face ongoing health challenges, including arrhythmias, heart failure, or the need for additional surgeries. Many patients now survive into adulthood due to advances in medical care, yet they may experience long-term complications related to their initial defects and treatments. In adult patients, CHD can manifest as exercise intolerance, increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, and psychosocial challenges, requiring lifelong follow-up with specialized healthcare providers. Understanding and managing CHD throughout a patient's life is essential for improving quality of life and outcomes, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive care strategies that address both the physical and emotional aspects of living with congenital heart defects. Ongoing research aims to enhance treatment protocols and optimize care for both pediatric and adult populations affected by CHD.