cancer stem cells methods and protocols pdf pebr

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==> cancer stem cells methods and protocols pdf <==

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) refer to a subpopulation of cancer cells with stem cell-like properties, including the ability to self-renew and differentiate into various cell types that make up the tumor. Methods and protocols for studying CSCs typically involve isolating these cells from tumor tissues, using techniques such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS), or specific culture conditions that promote the growth of CSCs. Once isolated, researchers can delve into various assays to assess the self-renewal capacity, tumorigenicity, and differentiation potential of CSCs. Common protocols include sphere formation assays, limiting dilution assays, and in vivo transplantation studies. Additionally, characterizing CSCs often involves analyzing specific surface markers (like CD44, CD24, or ALDH) through flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry. The ultimate goal of these methods is to understand the role of CSCs in cancer progression, treatment resistance, and metastasis, which could lead to the development of more effective therapies targeting these resilient cells. These protocols not only advance our understanding of tumor biology but also provide critical insights into potential therapeutic strategies to combat cancer recurrence.