atrial fibrillation and percutaneous coronary intervention pdf tgag

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==> atrial fibrillation and percutaneous coronary intervention pdf <==

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia characterized by irregular and often rapid heartbeats, which can lead to various complications, including stroke and heart failure. It arises from disorganized electrical signals in the heart's atria, causing them to quiver instead of contracting effectively. This condition can be paroxysmal (intermittent) or persistent and is often associated with risk factors such as hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes. Treatment for AF may involve lifestyle changes, medications to control heart rate or rhythm, and anticoagulants to reduce stroke risk. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), on the other hand, is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat narrowed coronary arteries, typically due to atherosclerosis. During PCI, a catheter is inserted through a blood vessel to the site of the blockage, where a balloon is inflated to open the artery. Often, a stent is placed to keep the artery open. PCI is crucial in managing coronary artery disease and can alleviate symptoms like chest pain while improving blood flow to the heart. Both AF and PCI highlight the complexities of cardiovascular health, requiring comprehensive management strategies to optimize patient outcomes.